Rice is Lao PDR's biggest agricultural commodity in terms of farmers involved in production, cropland area allocated, and food consumption. Rice also generates important economic spillover effects, supporting jobs in milling, trading, and food catering sectors nationwide. Vegetables are emerging as a new source of growth, benefiting from the rising demand of more affluent and urbanized Laotians for nutritious and diverse diets. This report studies the extent of commercialization of rice and vegetables value chains in Lao PDR, the main challenges and opportunities, and ways to increase their contribution to the country's economic development.